METHODS: Sixty-eight patients randomly assigned to either control (CG) or aerobic training (TG) groups were studied during the period between medical consultations. Patients in the CG (educational program + breathing exercises; N=34) and TG (educational program + breathing exercises + aerobic training; N=34) were examined twice a week during a three-month period. Before and after the intervention, patients underwent induced sputum, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), pulmonary function and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Asthma symptom-free days were quantified monthly and asthma exacerbation was monitored during three-months of intervention.

RESULTS: At three months, decreases in the total and eosinophil cell counts in induced sputum (p=0.004) and in the levels of FeNO (p=0.009) were observed after intervention only in the TG. The number of asthma symptom-free days and VO2max also significantly improved (p<0.001), and lower asthma exacerbation occurred in the TG (p<0.01). In addition, the TG presented a strong positive relationship between baseline FeNO and eosinophil counts as well as their improvement after training (r=0.77 and r=0.9, respectively).

CONCLUSION: Aerobic training reduces sputum eosinophil and FeNO in patients with moderate or severe asthma, and these benefits were more significant in subjects with higher levels of inflammation. These results suggest that aerobic training might be useful as an adjuvant therapy in asthmatic patients under optimized medical treatment.

Mendes FA, Almeida FM, Cukier A, Stelmach R, Jacob-Filho W, Martins MA, Carvalho CR. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 Jun 23. Departments of 1Physical Therapy, 2Medicine, 3Pulmonary and 4Geriatrics, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

This study evaluated the effects of hypnosis on self-efficacy and soccer performance. Fifty-nine collegiate soccer players were randomly allocated to either a hypnosis (n = 30) or video attention-control group (n = 29). A pretest-posttest design with an additional 4-week follow-up was used. Self-efficacy was measured via a task-specific questionnaire comprising 10 items relating to good performance on a soccer wall-volley task. The hypnotic intervention comprised three sessions using ego-strengthening suggestions. The control group watched edited videos of professional soccer games. Results indicated that, following the intervention, the hypnosis group were more efficacious and performed better than the control group. These differences were also seen at the 4-week follow-up stage. Although changes in self-efficacy were associated with changes in performance, the effect of hypnosis on performance was not mediated by changes in self-efficacy. The study demonstrates that hypnosis can be used to enhance and maintain self-efficacy and soccer wall-volley performance.

J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2010 Apr;32(2):243-52. Barker J, Jones M, Greenlees I. Department of Sport and Exercise, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffs, United Kingdom.