Somatosensory event-related potentials (SERPs) to painful electric standard stimuli under an odd-ball paradigm were analyzed in 12 high hypnotizable (HH), 12 medium hypnotizable (MH), and 12 low hypnotizable (LH) subjects during waking, hypnosis, and a cued eyes-open posthypnotic condition. In each of these conditions subjects were suggested to produce an obstructive imagery of stimulus perception as a treatment for pain reduction. A No-Analgesia treatment served as a control in waking and hypnosis conditions. The subjects were required to count the number of delivered target stimuli. HH subjects experienced significant pain and distress reductions during posthypnotic analgesia as compared to hypnotic analgesia and between these two analgesic conditions as compared to the two control conditions. Outside of hypnosis, these subjects remembered less pain and distress levels than they reported during hypnotic and posthypnotic analgesia treatments. In contrast, for waking-analgesia treatment, HH subjects remembered similar pain and distress levels to those they reported concurrently with the stimulation. HH subjects, during hypnotic and posthypnotic analgesia treatments, detected a smaller number of target stimuli and displayed a significant amplitude reduction of the midline frontal and central N140 and P200 SERP components. No significant SERP differences were observed for these subjects between treatments in waking condition and between hypnotic and posthypnotic analgesic treatments. For the MH and LH subjects no significant N140 and P200 amplitude changes were observed among analgesic conditions as compared to control conditions. These amplitude findings are seen as indicating that hypnotic analgesia can affect earlier and later stages of stimulus processing.

Pain. 2008 Jan;134(1-2):197-208. De Pascalis V, Cacace I, Massicolle F. University of Rome "La sapienza", Department of Psychology, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy. v.depascalis@caspur.it

A defensive dominant was created in rabbits using rhythmic electrocutaneous stimulation of the left forelimb at a frequency of 0.5 Hz. After stimulation ended, the latent excitation state was tested using sound stimuli. Animals responded either with increases in non-rhythmic paw muscle activity or with rhythmic twitching of the paw at a frequency close to that of the electrocutaneous stimulation. After hypnotization, the incidence of rhythmic responses to the stimulation testing the dominant focus increased, while the incidence of non-rhythmic responses decreased.

Neurosci Behav Physiol. 2008 Jan;38(1):23-30. Galashina AG, Kulikov MA, Bogdanov AV. Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, bogdav@mail.ru.

Mention the possibility of surgery to a patient and most will react with a feeling of apprehension at best. Some will be horrified at the mere thought of being 'cut open'. For others, it will be the suggestion of entering a hospital for anything longer than an out patient appointment. Newspaper reports of healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs) may spring to mind: 'Will I leave with more than I came in for?'; 'What if it goes wrong?'; 'Who will look after the family?'. All this worrying leads to increased anxiety and stress, and the patient has not even been put on the waiting list yet, let alone been admitted.

J Perioper Pract. 2008 Jan;18(1):14-6. Fern PA. Day Surgery Unit, Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust.

Joyce Hawkes is a biophysicist and cell-biologist by training. She completed her doctorate in biophysics at Pennsylvania State University, and was a postdoctoral fellow with the National Institutes of Health before settling in Seattle to work in research for the National Marine Fisheries Research Center, a part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. While there, she was honored with a National Achievement Award for her work.

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