Sohlberg and Birgegard's (2003) report of persistent complex effects of subliminal messages.

Silverman in 1983 held that the unconscious encoding of MOMMY AND I ARE ONE triggers a fantasy of symbiotic union with the good mother of early childhood. In contrast, later Sohlberg and Birgegard contended that MOMMY AND I triggers associations to similarity issues with mother, associations that may be influenced by the words following MOMMY AND I. Although their messages produce, lmost invariably, no reportable sensation, Sohlberg and Birgegard claimed strong evidence for the influence of such messages on perception, motivation, and memory, 10 ays poststimulation and suggestive evidence 4 mo. later. Their findings are not compelling evidence for these claims; and there is no evidence that any result was associated with the unconscious encoding of the psychodynamic meaning of a multiword message.

Fudin R. Psychology Department, Long Island University, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA. robert.fudin@liu.edu