Tim Brunson DCH

Welcome to The International Hypnosis Research Institute Web site. Our intention is to support and promote the further worldwide integration of comprehensive evidence-based research and clinical hypnotherapy with mainstream mental health, medicine, and coaching. We do so by disseminating, supporting, and conducting research, providing professional level education, advocating increased level of practitioner competency, and supporting the viability and success of clinical practitioners. Although currently over 80% of our membership is comprised of mental health practitioners, we fully recognize the role, support, involvement, and needs of those in the medical and coaching fields. This site is not intended as a source of medical or psychological advice. Tim Brunson, PhD

Laproscopy Patients who Listened to Guided Imagery or Music Experienced Positive Effects

Posted At : January 5, 2007 5:02 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


A newly published study from Perioperative Services at Concord Hospital in New Hampshire of 84 patients undergoing gynecologic laparoscopy that looked at the effects of two interventions - guided imagery and music - on post-operative pain, nausea and vomiting (PONV) and length of stay (LOS), showed that patients in both the guided imagery and music groups had significantly less pain on PACU discharge to home than controls. The audio recordings used in the study were from Health Journeys.

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The effect of Music-Based Imagery and Musical Alternate Engagement on the Burn

Posted At : January 5, 2007 5:01 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


Researchers from the Burn Center at MetroHealth Medical Center in Cleveland tested the effectiveness of music-based imagery and music alone for helping burn patients in managing their pain and anxiety during debridement (the painful process of removing dead skin).

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Adjunctive non-pharmacological analgesic for invasive procedures

Posted At : January 4, 2007 4:59 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


Principle investigator, Elvira Lang, MD, of the Department of Radiology at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, in a study co-funded by the National Institute of Mental Health and the Office for Alternative Medicine, published these findings in the April, 2000 issue of The Lancet, Vol 355, pp.1486-1490:

When 241 patients were undergoing percutaneous vascular and renal procedures (translation: either invasive balloon angioplasties, or going after blood clots in the leg, or draining urine from an obstructed kidney -- i.e., your basic, roto-rooter, clear-the-pipes, surgical procedure), they were randomly assigned to receive either standard care, or "structured attention" (meaning they had their own health care person at their side, offering reassurance, answering questions, and proffering solicitous support); or the structured attention along with relaxation, self-hypnosis and imagery guidance of the David Spiegel variety (roll your eyes up and close the lids, breathe deeply, concentrate on the sensation of floating, and remember a safe and pleasant experience.).

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Preoperative Rehearsal of Active Coping Imagery Influences Subjective

Posted At : January 4, 2007 4:57 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


A 1995 study reported in Psychosomatic Medicine shows that of 51 patients undergoing abdominal surgery, those who were taught guided imagery before surgery had less postoperative pain than those who did not. They were also less distressed by the surgery, felt as if they had coped with it better and requested less pain medication than patients who did learn imagery skills.

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Hypnosis Compared to Sedation During Angioplasty

Posted At : January 3, 2007 5:02 PM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


Forty-six patients were randomized to receive drug (group 1) or hypnotic sedation (group 2) during balloon angioplasty of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Patients were continuously monitored by intracoronary and standard electrocardiograms, and heart rate spectral variability was also recorded.

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Individuals Facing One of 90 Elective Surgeries are Sent Guided Imagery Tapes

Posted At : January 3, 2007 9:54 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


CALIFORNIA BLUE SHIELD continues to report positive outcomes with its use of our Health Journeys guided imagery. Through the program, begun in 2000, individuals facing one of 90 elective surgeries are sent guided imagery tapes.Outcomes include: 45% of patients experienced high anxiety before listening to the tapes, but less than 5% experienced similar anxiety following use of the tapes pre-surgery, and "the more anxious patients felt, the more frequently they listened to the recordings and the greater improvement they documented. The findings were developed from data gathered in 2000–2001 based on 900 completed patient surveys.

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Relaxation and Imagery and Cognitive-Behavioral Training Reduce Pain During Cancer Treatment

Posted At : January 3, 2007 4:56 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


Even though this research is a little dated (1995), it's a very strong study with provocative findings that we somehow missed, so we're adding it here. Researchers at the renowned Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle compared the effects of 3 different psycho-social interventions for pain (in the mucous linings of the mouth) in 94 bone marrow transplant patients.

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Effects of Music Therapy on Anxiety in Ventilator-Dependent Patients

Posted At : January 1, 2007 4:52 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


A research team in Hong Kong tested the effectiveness of music therapy on twenty ventilator-dependent patients, measuring blood pressure, respiratory rate and the Chinese version of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety instrument. Patients were randomly assigned to either 30 minutes of uninterrupted rest and then 30 minutes of music therapy, or the music therapy first, followed by the rest period. Patients had a choice of Chinese or Western music. Measures were taken at 5-minute intervals during the music intervention. The study showed that music therapy was more effective at decreasing anxiety than the rest interval (p < .01). Blood pressure and respiration did not show differences.

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The Effects of Hypnosis/Guided Imagery on the Postoperative Course of Children

Posted At : December 31, 2006 4:51 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


Here is a study that got past us when it first came out, from our own University Hospitals, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, and CWRU's Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing:

S. A. Lambert's study examines the effect of hypnosis/guided imagery on the postoperative course of pediatric surgical patients. Fifty-two children (matched for sex, age, and diagnosis) were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. The experimental group was taught guided imagery by the investigator. The imagery technique included suggestions for a favorable postoperative course. The controls were given standard care.

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Clinical Hypnosis Versus Cognitive Behavioral Training for Pain Management

Posted At : December 31, 2006 4:50 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


A randomized controlled trial in the UK with 30 children compared the efficacy of clinical hypnosis (and imagery) versus training in cognitive behavioral coping skills for alleviating the pain and distress of undergoing bone marrow aspirations. The pediatric cancer patients (age 5 to 15 years) were randomized to one of three groups: hypnosis, a package of CB coping skills, and no intervention beyond standard care.

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Can Medical Hypnosis Accelerate Post-Surgical Wound Healing

Posted At : December 31, 2006 4:49 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


A recent study by principal investigator, Carol Ginandes PhD, of McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, explored differences in speed and extent of surgical wound healing in 18 breast reduction surgery patients, among 2 experimental conditions and one control condition.

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The Use of Relaxation Techniques in the Perioperative Management of Proctological Patients

Posted At : December 30, 2006 4:48 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


In a randomized, controlled clinical trial, researchers from Rome, Italy assessed the effects of guided imagery on the postoperative course in proctological patients. Patients undergoing surgery for anorectal diseases were randomized into group 1 (n = 43) with standard care and group 2 (n = 43) with relaxation techniques, where they listened to a guided imagery tape with music and relaxing text before, during, and after surgery.

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Stress Reduction Program Helped People with SLE (lupus)

Posted At : December 30, 2006 4:47 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


In a randomized, controlled, clinical trial at The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, researchers assessed the effects of a stress-reduction program on pain, psychological function, and physical function in persons with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who experience pain.

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Effect of Complimentary and Alternative Therapies on Sleep Promotion in the Critically Ill

Posted At : December 30, 2006 4:46 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


Researchers at Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System reviewed seven studies that examined the effect of complementary and alternative therapies on sleep promotion in critically ill patients. The research shows that massage, music therapy and therapeutic touch promote relaxation and comfort in critically ill patients, which likely leads to improved sleep.

The review concluded with the following conclusions and recommendations:

Massage, music therapy and therapeutic touch are safe for critically ill patients and should be routinely applied by ICU nurses who have received training on how to provide these interventions.

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Hypnosis Treats Allopecia Areata

Posted At : December 29, 2006 4:44 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


In a small pilot study, dermatology researchers from Academic Hospital/Free University in Brussels find that hypnotherapy delivers excellent results for people suffering from allopecia areata (AA), a devastating hair loss condition

Researchers from the Department of Dermatology at Academic Hospital/Free University in Brussels, investigated the influence of hypnotherapy on alopecia areata or AA (a condition of rapid hair loss). Hypnosis was used in 28 patients with extensive AA whose condition was resistant to earlier conventional treatments. The hypnotherapy was either added as a complementary treatment or used as the only treatment.

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Hypnosis for School Age Child Insomnia

Posted At : December 29, 2006 4:44 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


Hypnosis is found to be an effective form of therapy for insomnia in school age children, according to a retrospective record review at the State University of New York (S.U.N.Y.) at Syracuse

Researchers from the State University of New York at Syracuse explored the efficacy of hypnosis for insomnia in school age children. A retrospective chart review was performed for 84 children and adolescents with insomnia, excluding those with central or obstructive sleep apnea.

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Hypnosis and Myopia

Posted At : December 29, 2006 4:43 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


Analysts at the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit of the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons and The New York State Psychiatric Institute reviewed various studies of the effectiveness of hypnosis for improving myopia, as an enticing alternative to invasive procedures and corrective lenses. The meta-analysis delineated various shortcomings in the studies, including potential methodological caveats, problems with experimental controls, and controversial data interpretation.

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The Effects of Hypnosis on the Labor Processes and Birth Outcomes of Pregnant Adolescents

Posted At : December 28, 2006 4:41 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


Dr. Paul G. Schauble and his colleagues at the University of Florida at Gainesville randomly assigned 42 pregnant teenagers to receive either counseling or four sessions of instruction in self-hypnosis for childbirth.

Teens in the hypnosis group learned deep relaxation and imagery techniques to help them cope with pain. They also received suggestions to help them respond to possible complications and boost their confidence in their ability to manage anxiety.

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Teaching HIV Positive, Gay Men to Relax, Alter Their Cognitive Appraisals, Use New Coping Strategies

Posted At : December 28, 2006 4:40 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


Researchers from the Department of Psychology at The University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida, assessed a CBSM intervention (Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management) with HIV-infected men, designed to teach them to relax, alter cognitive appraisals, use new coping strategies, and access social support resources. The study tested the effects of the intervention on 24-hour urinary free cortisol levels and distressed mood in participants. Fifty-nine symptomatic, HIV-infected, gay men participants were randomized to either a 10-week group-based CBSM intervention or a 10-week wait-list period. Post measures were taken of psychological responses and urine samples.

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Touch, Music and Imagery Helps Open Heart Patients

Posted At : December 28, 2006 2:31 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


Researchers from Abbott Northwestern Hospital and the Minneapolis Heart Institute examined the effects of touch, music and imagery on 104 patients undergoing open heart surgery, measuring heart rate, blood pressure, pain and tension.

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Autogenic Training Reduces Frequency of Headaches

Posted At : December 27, 2006 4:34 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


In controlled, clinical trials at Semmelweis University in Budapest, Hungary, researchers examined the effects of Schultz-type autogenic training (a simple form of self-hypnosis) on headache-related drug consumption and headache frequency in patients with either migraine, tension-type, or mixed (migraine plus tension-type) headache over an 8-month period. There are only a few studies that compare the efficacy and durability of the same treatment in different types of primary headache, and the effects of treatment on headache-related drug consumption rarely have been assessed even in these studies.

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Effects of Guided Imagery on Quality of Life for Patients with Chronic Tension-Type Headache

Posted At : December 27, 2006 4:33 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


Dr. Lisa K. Mannix MD of the Adelman Headache Center in Greensboro, NC reported at the American Association for the Study of Headache that she added guided imagery audiotapes to the course of treatment of half her headache patients in a 250-person study. The imagery group listened to the tape daily for one month. Mannix found that a significantly greater proportion of imagery patients (21.7% of 129, as opposed to 7.6% of 131 controls) reported an overall improvement in their headaches.

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Physical Therapy with CAM and Exercise for Headache Relief

Posted At : December 27, 2006 2:31 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital in Boston found that physical therapy is most effective for treating migraine when combined with treatments such as thermal biofeedback, relaxation training and exercise.

Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital in Boston conducted a medical literature review of physical therapy treatments for the management of primary headache disorders.

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Behavioral Management of Recurrent Headache

Posted At : December 26, 2006 4:32 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


This fresh review and meta-analysis of the research literature on behavioral interventions for headache (chiefly relaxation, biofeedback, and stress-management) out of the University of Mississippi Medical Center's Head Pain Center show clinically significant reductions in recurrent headache.

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Guided Imagery and Insomnia

Posted At : December 26, 2006 3:53 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


Well, common sense and the latest research findings out of Oxford have once more converged. We now know for sure that distraction works much better than active thought control strategies for insomnia.

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Guided Imagery and Postural Stability

Posted At : December 26, 2006 3:52 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


Researchers at the School of Psychology at the University of Ottawa in Ontario, Canada, find in a pilot study with 20 elderly subjects that 6 weeks of imagery training improves postural stability.

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MRI Study Reveals Inner Workings of Brain During Imagery

Posted At : December 25, 2006 3:51 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


Researchers from the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Hiroshima University in Japan used MRI's to investigate differences in brain function between people with high degrees of alexithymia (an inability to put emotions into words, commonly found in people with PTSD) and those with low degrees.

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CRPS1 Patients Benefit from Imagery

Posted At : December 25, 2006 3:50 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


Researchers from the Department of Physiotherapy at The University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia investigated whether people suffering from complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS1) could benefit from imagery, in a randomized, controlled trial with thirteen subjects.

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Spiritual Concerns & Imagery

Posted At : December 25, 2006 3:50 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


In this case study, clinicians from the Department of Social Work at The College of Judea and Samaria in Ariel, Israel, feeling that spiritual concerns play a huge part among those who have attempted suicide, yet are poorly addressed, if addressed at all, by their psychotherapists, tested an innovative group format that made use of techniques that helped their clients tap into spiritual sources.

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Using Motor Imagery in the Rehabilitation of Hemiparesis

Posted At : December 24, 2006 3:47 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


Researchers from the Sensory Motor Performance Program at the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago examined the effectiveness of a program of imagining movement, or motor imagery training, in the rehabilitation of hemiparesis, using a before-after trial with clinical and behavioral analyses of single cases.

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Stress Relief over Cell Phones

Posted At : December 24, 2006 3:47 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


Researchers from the Istituto Auxologico Italiano in Milan, Italy compared three kinds of specially prepared multimedia de-stressing programs designed for delivery over cell phones to stressed out commuters

Researchers from the Istituto Auxologico Italiano in Milan, Italy, tested an unlikely idea for easing commuter stress. They compared three kinds of specially prepared multimedia de-stressing programs designed for delivery over cell phones to stressed out commuters. (One can only hope that these were implemented when people were stuck in traffic and not driving..)

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Imagery Reducing Stress

Posted At : December 24, 2006 3:47 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


Researchers from Kyoto University in Japan study the mechanism whereby imagery reduces stress, by testing a healthy sample of one hundred forty-eight people before and after two imagery sessions

Researchers from the Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior at Kyoto University Graduate School of Public Health in Japan investigated differences in relaxation induced by guided imagery in healthy community samples.

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Guided Imagery Career Based Transition Program

Posted At : December 23, 2006 3:28 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


A study tests the effectiveness of a guided imagery-based career transition program, and finds it is associated with higher rates of return to full time employment and greater perceived control over the job loss.

This randomized study examined the effectiveness of a guided imagery-based career transition program as compared to a placebo control condition in promoting reemployment in 52 unemployed business people recruited from four different outplacement firms in seven locations in California (60% male, 83% Caucasian, mean age: 46.8).

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Neural Substrates of Tactile Imagery: a Functional MRI Study

Posted At : December 23, 2006 3:28 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


Researchers from the Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/ Harvard Medical School, used MRI technology to see which neural pathways were involved when subjects imagined tactile stimulation on the dorsal side of their right hand. Results were then compared to the MRI findings from subjects who actually received tactile stimulation of the same area of the hand.

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Mindful Meditation Increases Antibody Titers to Flu Vaccine

Posted At : December 22, 2006 3:33 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


Researchers performed a randomized, controlled study to discover the effects of an 8-week training program of mindfulness meditation on brain and immune function with healthy employees in a work environment.

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The Effect of Guided Imagery and Amitriptyline on Daily Fibromyalgia Pain

Posted At : December 22, 2006 3:33 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


A Norwegian research team compared the effects of attention distracting imagery, attention focusing imagery and amitriptyline (elavil and similar anti-depressants) on fibromyalgia pain in 55 women.

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Interventions for the Treatment and Management of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Posted At : December 22, 2006 3:33 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


The September 19th issue of JAMA features a systematic review of the literature on what interventions have been found to work for chronic fatigue syndrome. Nineteen databases were searched for any published or unpublished studies in any language, and the study included randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials.

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A Randomized Controlled Trial of Guided Imagery in Bulimia Nervosa.

Posted At : December 22, 2006 3:13 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


A randomized controlled trial compared a group of bulimic patients receiving 6 weeks of individual guided imagery therapy with a control group receiving standard care. Fifty participants who met the criteria for bulimia nervosa completed the study. Measures of eating disorder symptoms, psychological functioning and the response to the guided imagery experience were used.

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Guided Imagery and the Reduction of Recurrent Abdominal Pain (RAP) in Children

Posted At : December 21, 2006 3:13 PM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


In a small pilot study, researchers from the Department of Pediatrics at Steele Memorial Children's Research Center and the University of Arizona's College of Medicine investigated whether guided imagery could reduce recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in children -- a condition known to be refractory and difficult to treat.

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Sexual and Physical Abuse in Women with Fibromyalgia

Posted At : December 21, 2006 3:33 AM | Posted By : Tim Brunson, PhD
Related Categories: Research


A group of researchers from the University of Washington School of Medicine in Seattle evaluated 93 consecutive fibromyalgia patients for symptoms of persistent posttraumatic stress. They found that 56% of the sample reported clinically significant levels of PTSD symptoms.

The FM patients with posttraumatic stress symptoms reported greater levels of pain, emotional distress and functional disability than those without PTSD.

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